Apply Chain Management vs Traditional Mananagement Systens Essay

A. Approach The use of information technology by firms that want to gain competitive value has increased dramatically in the last twenty years. Large and small firms have been utilizing information systems to connect their internal business functions and the companys activities to stakeholder much(prenominal) as suppliers and customers. (FORMAN WEB 13). Supply chain trouble and customer relationship management are some of the many systems used by firms to accomplish the aforesaid(prenominal) functions. Before comparing Supply Chain Management and customer relationship management systems to Tradition Systems, a brief description of Supply chain management and the activities it involves is fully warranted. This brief easy attempts to compare and contract SCM and CRM systems to traditional management systems in terms of approaches , efficiency, monetary value saving, and firm profitability. Jiambalvo (2010) describes communicate chain management as, the establishment of activities between a company and its suppliers in an effort to provide for the profitable development, production, and delivery of goods to customers. (P, 15). Sunil & Peter further describe ( ) supply chain as, consisting of all parties involved, straight off or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain includes not only the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even customers themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to new-fangled product development, marketing and operations, distribution and finance, and customer service.(P... ...in saving costs for firms that effectively implement the systems. Alan and et al.(2009) state that, full-scale implementations lead to system-wide inventory optimization, which in turn lead s to cost improvement associated with inventory balances and turns.(See Page 21 for note). Mikko & et al (2002) conducted a study of the cost reduction benefits of SCM and found that, the sharing of demand information in supply chains typically increases the performance of the supply chain by increasing availability and reducing inventory related costs. That other major distinctions between the twain systems and traditional management systems is that the former need a small amount of date input and out put to perform sophisticated and complex functional, spot the later takes and produces data in a large amount. A. profitability

Blacks in Civil War Portrayed in The Movie Glory Essay -- essays resea

The American Civil War was a major war in the United States between the union and eleven Southern states which declare that they had a right to secession and formed the Confederate States of America. They were led by Jefferson Davis who was elected as their president. The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States and rejected any right of secession. The United States Civil War began as an effort to save the Union but it residuumed in a fight to abolish slavery. Tens of thousands of soldiers on each side, in date after battle, had the courage to march in unbendable order against the withering fire of the defenders, while those around them fell with hideous and usually fatal wounds for many different reasons. Southerners fought for their rights and their way of life. Blacks for on another and for the end of slavery. Northerners fought to keep the Union together and latter on the e nd of slavery. Blacks fought for Religion, to demonstrate to all that blacks are just as capable as whites in battle and to show Gods righteousness.Northerners had elected Abraham Lincoln as their president and were willing to fight for whatever he believed in and what he thought to be morally legitimate. In the beginning of the war, the Northerners were focused on the expansion of slavery into the newly created territories. They did not want slavery to extend into their because they wanted that area to be a model place for white men. They knew that if blacks went their that whites would loose their jobs to them so they tried to preserve that land for whites. but keeping it in the southern states where it had already was prohibited. The cause of the war shift... ...he had and that he had so much love for them. He even started to cry witch shows how much love he had for his fellow soldiers. The Massachusetts 54th regiment demonstrated wide courage at Fort Wagner. by attacking Fo rt Wagner nonstop knowing that they were fighting against the wall and that they could easily lose. They still continued to fight because they were adjoining and when they saw one of their own men fall to the ground, it hurt their heart so they fought for that person. They did this that because the regiment was the only family they had and the way they trained and acted made them closer and find like brothers. This was one of those grate emotional motives that really pushed them to fight even harder. This was also to prove to whites that blacks were just as capable as whites in battle. When they turn up this they were braking stereotypical boundaries.

Degeneration of Kurtz, Colonialism, and Imperialism in Heart of Darknes

Degeneration of Kurtz and Colonialism in cheek of ugliness Kurtz was a personal embodiment, a dramatization, of either that Conrad felt of futility, degradation, and horror in what the Europeans in the Congo called progress, which meant the exploitation of the natives by e rattling variety of cruelness and treachery known to greedy man. Kurtz was to Marlow, penetrating this country, a name, constantly recurring in peoples talk, for cleverness and enterprise. Joseph Conrads core of Darkness is a portrait of the degeneration of the nonpareil of Kurtz symbolizing the degeneration of the ideal of colonialism as civilizing work. The fade of the idealist mirage of civilizing work in Africa has to be one of the central themes of Heart of Darkness. This theme forms the background of the building block story, from radical to end, before the character of Kurtz is even introduced. The focus of Heart of Darkness is not on the direct effect of the colonial presence on th e native population, just now on the reflected effect on the colonial occupiers. Centrally, the whole story being told directly is the effect on Marlow of his colonial adventure. Marlow here reflects or represents his Western ideologic origins coming to terms with the reality of the Congo. It was not plainly the economic relations of commodity exchange which so often in the colonies, it was the respectability of society it was the very identity of the occupying force and it was the emptiness of the western colonial myth of individualism. The degeneration of Kurtz is thus inseparable from the other degeneration. Marlow, on his return to civilization, learns from Kurtzs cousin that he was a prevalent genius (Conrad 71). What ... ...ause the heart of humanity does not breathe in the individual, it lies outside, in society, in language, in active engagement with a human world. Kurtz was more adequate to(p) than anyone else of conquering the world, but the world, and the savagery, conquered him. Works Cited Adelman, Gary. Heart of Darkness Search for the Unconscious. Boston Little & Brown, 1987. Bradley, Candice. Africa and Africans in Conrads Heart of Darkness. (24 Jan. 1996). Online Internet. 3 October 1998. Available http//www.lawrence.edu/johnson/heart. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. 17th ed. unused York Norton, 1988. Rosmarin, Adena. Darkening the Reader Reader Response review and Heart of Darkness. Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York St. Martins, 1989. Degeneration of Kurtz, Colonialism, and Imperialism in Heart of DarknesDegeneration of Kurtz and Colonialism in Heart of Darkness Kurtz was a personal embodiment, a dramatization, of all that Conrad felt of futility, degradation, and horror in what the Europeans in the Congo called progress, which meant the exploitation of the natives by every variety of cruelty and trea chery known to greedy man. Kurtz was to Marlow, penetrating this country, a name, constantly recurring in peoples talk, for cleverness and enterprise. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a portrait of the degeneration of the ideal of Kurtz symbolizing the degeneration of the ideal of colonialism as civilizing work. The fading of the idealist mirage of civilizing work in Africa has to be one of the central themes of Heart of Darkness. This theme forms the background of the whole story, from beginning to end, before the character of Kurtz is even introduced. The focus of Heart of Darkness is not on the direct effect of the colonial presence on the native population, but on the reflected effect on the colonial occupiers. Centrally, the whole story being told directly is the effect on Marlow of his colonial adventure. Marlow here reflects or represents his Western ideological origins coming to terms with the reality of the Congo. It was not merely the economic relations of commodity exchange which so often in the colonies, it was the respectability of society it was the very identity of the occupying force and it was the emptiness of the western colonial myth of individualism. The degeneration of Kurtz is thus inseparable from the other degeneration. Marlow, on his return to civilization, learns from Kurtzs cousin that he was a universal genius (Conrad 71). What ... ...ause the heart of humanity does not lie in the individual, it lies outside, in society, in language, in active engagement with a human world. Kurtz was more capable than anyone else of conquering the world, but the world, and the savagery, conquered him. Works Cited Adelman, Gary. Heart of Darkness Search for the Unconscious. Boston Little & Brown, 1987. Bradley, Candice. Africa and Africans in Conrads Heart of Darkness. (24 Jan. 1996). Online Internet. 3 October 1998. Available http//www.lawrence.edu/johnson/heart. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbro ugh. 17th ed. New York Norton, 1988. Rosmarin, Adena. Darkening the Reader Reader Response Criticism and Heart of Darkness. Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York St. Martins, 1989.

Andean/Incan People :: essays research papers

The Andean/Incan hoi polloiThe Andean/Incan people lived in the vast majority of the Andean Mountain ranges of Peru. They were mainly polytheistic and believed it was a series of gods who were responsible for providing the rain, maize, sun, etc. that was needed for daily survival.Viracocha was the main and superlative god. He was held solely responsible for the creation of Earth, animals and man. He made men out of stone, replicated them and destroyed them according to his whim. Viracocha was considered he divine protector of the Incan rulers or Incanis.Inti, the Sun god was the head of the state cult whose worship was mandatory. Every year a special festival called Inti-Raymi was held in Intis and the suns honor. fleshly sacrifices and ritual dances marked and were often the highlight of the celebration.Daily prayers were addressed to Apu Illapu, the rain giver, who was responsible for sustaining the Incans food sources. His temples were set high on a mountain so in case there w as a flood, the temple would non be destroyed. A flood signified Apu Illapus anger and meant a pilgrimage with adult male sacrifice was necessary to appease him. Human sacrifice was not widely practices in the Incan religion as opposed to the Aztec religion where human sacrifices were the norm. two the Incan and the Aztec believed that human sacrifice was a necessity to appease the gods. They felt there was no greater gift than giving your life to a god. Therefore, the sacrificial person as well as the god was honored. Festivals and daily prayers were often marked with dancing, singing and special prayers to the particular god of what they desired. Both fasting and feast marked super special festivals. Penitential rituals must be observed if a particular god is displeased. Murder as an act of war was not a punishable offense whereas murder as an act of vengeance was the gravest sin to be committed. Birth, puberty, marriage and death were all times for special rituals and sacrifi ces. Therefore, the Andean peoples lives mainly revolved around their religion as, without the gods, they would have nothing. The SpaniardsThe Spanish conquerors and missionaries arrived upon the New World around 1492 but it took a few geezerhood for them to get acclimated to the people and area before they started the conversion of the natives. The Spaniards were staunch Christians and mainly Catholics, under the rule of the Spanish Catholic monarchy.

Galicia :: essays research papers

GaliciaGalicia is located in the green northwestern part of Spain. If it wasnot for Santiago de Compestela, Galicia may not have been known as well as it is.As it is some os Galicias provinces are not even known to tourists, andprobably will never be. Unlike the continue of Spain, Galicia looks much likeIreland. Which attracted the Celts during their exploration. The landscape islush and filled with pine and eucalyptus. Galicia also has some of the bestbeaches in all of Spain.Gallegos (Galicias people) are very different from other Spanish peopleand seem to almost be a different race. They have a whiter pailer complextion,and have blond hair. They are also different in the things that they do forentertainment. They dont have any of the high-tech theatures, or the nightlife of Madrid. They are more interested in music, poetry, land, family,witchcraft, death, and superstition. They spend a lot of time thought aboutthings and why they are the way that they are. They usually are not prejudiceto any outsiders, and willing listen to their ideas. People believe that manyof these traits came from the Celts who came in 1000 B.C. and ruled until A.D.137. They seem to have many things in common with the Irish and the Scotsbecause of this. Including a bagpipe-like instrument called a Gaita.The language of Galicia is different from the rest of Spain also, theyspeak a variation of Castillian which has some French tones as well asPortuguese. They have their own favorite foods also, which consist mainly ofseafood. Some of their medium dishes are merluza (hake), cigalas (prawns),camarones (small shrimp). chipirones (little squid), langostines (crayfish),vieiras (scallops), percebes (goose baracles), and trout and other local fish.Most of their dishes are served either in casseroles or broiled, or steamed, orrolled into crepes called empanadas. In the winter months, the dishes areserved with spirit instead of seafood. Usually the meat is rabbit, or game.Although ham, pork, and sausages are also served. Cheese is also anotherspecialty of Galicia, a entire meal can be made up of just cheese, and not beboring Many Gallegos have cheese and peasant bread for their lunchtime mealevery day. For desserts, the Gallegos wanton excellant pastrys and sponge cakes,which are not found in any other part of Spain.Wine is probably the greatest thing that Galicia has to offer to theworld, often give tongue to to be one of the best wine makers of the world. Albarino isprobably the best wine from Galicia, it is said to be Spains long awaited white-

Galicia :: essays research papers

GaliciaGalicia is located in the green northwestern part of Spain. If it wasnot for Santiago de Compestela, Galicia may not take on been known as well as it is.As it is some os Galicias provinces are not even known to tourists, andprobably will never be. opposed the rest of Spain, Galicia looks much likeIreland. Which attracted the Celts during their exploration. The landscape islush and filled with pine and eucalyptus. Galicia also has some of the bestbeaches in all of Spain.Gallegos (Galicias people) are very contrary from other Spanish peopleand seem to almost be a divers(prenominal) race. They have a whiter pailer complextion,and have blond hair. They are also different in the things that they do forentertainment. They dont have any of the high-tech theatures, or the nightlife of Madrid. They are more interested in music, poetry, land, family,witchcraft, death, and superstition. They spend a mussiness of time thinking aboutthings and why they are the way that they are. They usually are not prejudiceto any outsiders, and willing listen to their ideas. People think that manyof these traits came from the Celts who came in 1000 B.C. and ruled until A.D.137. They seem to have many things in common with the Irish and the Scotsbecause of this. Including a bagpipe-like instrument called a Gaita.The actors line of Galicia is different from the rest of Spain also, theyspeak a variation of Castillian which has some French tones as well asPortuguese. They have their own favorite foods also, which consist mainly ofseafood. Some of their specialty dishes are merluza (hake), cigalas (prawns),camarones (small shrimp). chipirones (little squid), langostines (crayfish),vieiras (scallops), percebes (goose baracles), and trout and other local fish.Most of their dishes are served either in casseroles or broiled, or steamed, orrolled into crepes called empanadas. In the overwinter months, the dishes areserved with meat instead of seafood. Usually the meat is rabbit, or game.Although ham, pork, and sausages are also served. Cheese is also anotherspecialty of Galicia, a entire repast can be made up of just cheese, and not beboring Many Gallegos have cheese and peasant bread for their lunchtime mealevery day. For desserts, the Gallegos make excellant pastrys and sponge cakes,which are not found in any other part of Spain.Wine is probably the greatest thing that Galicia has to crack to theworld, often said to be one of the best wine makers of the world. Albarino isprobably the best wine from Galicia, it is said to be Spains long awaited white-

Online Examination System Essay

The purpose of on-line test simulator is to take online test in an efficient manner for various branches/semesters/courses at the same time and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line test simulator is to efficiently evaluate the candidate exhaustively through a fully machine-controlled arrangement that not only saves lot of time but also adjudges fast results. It is targeted at removing all the paper work in the examination process. The system is designed by keeping future in mind so that it can be used in any educational institutions as hearty as in corporate World with little changes.It saves a lot of time as it allows number of students/trainees to give the exam at a time and displays the results as the test gets over, so no need to wait for the result. Administrator has a privilege to add new teachers and students to the test papers. User can register, login and give the test with his specific id, and can see the results as well. This software can be used anywhere any time as it is a blade based application ( user Location doesnt matter). No restriction is there that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.The current system is analyzed thoroughly and all the bottlenecks are identified. 2. Users demonstrable needs are captured and freezed. User needs a web-based system, which will remove all the problems in existing system, the user is facing. The user wants a web- based system, which will reduce the bulk of paperwork, provide ease of work, flexibility, fast record finding, modifying, adding, removing and generating the reports.A new system has been proposed on my perception of the system, in accordance with the problems of existing system by making a full layout of the system on paper. 4. The feasibility of the system proposed was analyzed by comparing the next factors with both the existing system and proposed system. The proposed system was found feasible in terms of cost, effort, time and labor . Analysis of the system is complete. 5. Database design is complete. 6. System coding is in progress.

Freedom of Contract in English Law

In earlier days, agreement was built on a very classic and simple basis it is concluded at the moment that the acceptance of an twist takes place and that is all. In consequence, equal parties were non-existent and stronger parties had the possibility to impose unfair and domineering conditions upon those who were weak and vulnerable. It is in this context that both legislations and courts agreed that State action was indispensable to ensure fairness among individual parties, in an era where the crop of law of unloosedom were extremely restricted.In todays side of meat law, freedom of take in charge is one the foundation of pay back bridge law. The existence of freedom of exact requires leash main considerations the freedom to contract or non to contract, the freedom to choose with whom to contract, and the freedom to decide the terms of the contract. Thus parties are totally free to concern or not to engage in agreements. so far, freedom of contract can fail to have th e desired or expected effect in contracts where federal agency relations are not equal. The stronger society can impose its will to the weaker caller.In inn to deal with all potential conflict that can arise from this return, face legal systems has set up rules ensuring the effective and fair exercise of freedom of contract. This essay will discuss and examine those rules in question, established by the English law in order to effectively balance freedom of contract and fairness between the contracting parties as well as fair contractual terms. And also on the other hand limits of freedom of contract will be exposed. Freedom of contract, as its appellation suggests, has a strong relationship with contract.In order to identify this relationship, it is important to understand what is meant by contract and the rules governing it. In English law, a contract is a legally binding agreement reached on a set of foresees (or obligations) and specific terms. The validity of any contra ct requires 4 main features an offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations. Thus, when one party (the offeror) makes an offer which the other (offeree) accepts, because agreement is concluded.However, the mere fact of an agreement is insufficient for a contract to be completely valid. This implies that a party essential promise to give or do something for the other. This idea of exchanging promises is known as consideration and is an essential requisite of any valid contract. In Currie v Misa(1875) it (consideration) was held to constitute a benefit to one party or a detriment to the other. For instance, when a bottle of wine is bought from a shop, the benefit received is the bottle of wine, and the detriment is the silver paid to the shop.Yet it is important to take into concern the rules governing consideration. First of all, consideration must not be in the past(as mentioned in the a. This rule suggests that if one party willingly per represents an act, and the other party then makes a promise the consideration said to be in the past. Therefore past consideration is regarded as no consideration at all. For instance, a pregnant woman named Julie, knowing that her neighbour, Lucy, is concerned somewhat her health, offers to do the housework for her.This takes Lucy tremendous amount of time to do, and Julie is so cognitive content with the result that she promises to pay Lucy ? 30 for her effort. If Julie fails to pay, Lucy will not have the possibility to sue for breach of contract as Julies promise to pay was after the closure of the work. The fact of this case is supported by the case of Re McArdle(1951,CA) in which it was held that no valid contract existed since the home improvements were past consideration they had been carried out in the lead any promise to pay had been made.Another rule is that consideration must move from the promisee which is very similar to the concept of law of privity. So for instance if A makes a promises to B, the promise will only be enforceable if B can equally show that he has provided consideration for As promise. This rule all the way demonstrates the fairness (among parties) of the doctrine of consideration. Finally, consideration must be sufficient but need not to be adequate. This rule stipulates that a good consideration must be of some value but there is not necessity for a bargain to be of adequate value.For utilization, if someone is willing to sell his Ferrari for ? 1, the contract will not be in vain due(p) to lack of consideration and therefore will be sufficient. In this case, Courts will not government note the adequacy of the consideration (the fact that a Ferrari is offered to be sold at only ? 1) as it is up to one party to decide whether or not he agrees with the other party promises. The contract in English law enhances principle of freedom of contract.Indeed, the terms of the contract is freely determined and agreed by the parties. However, the re are various circumstances in which additional terms may be implied into the agreement. The aim of implied terms is often to provide a accouterment to a contractual agreement in the interest of making bargain more effective, to achieve fairness between the parties and to alleviate hardship. Term may be implied by custom. Here it is suggested that a contract must always be examined in the light of its surrounding commercial context.So the parties automatically assume that sometimes their contract will be subject to the customs of a particular locality or trade and therefore do not deal specifically with the matter in their contract. One of the cases illustrating this is Hutton v Warren(1836). A term may equally be implied into a contract y Act of Parliament in the form of statutes. Under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, ss 12-15 for instance, a seller automatically assumes certain obligations to the buyer as a result of terms which are automatically implied in every contract regulated by the Act.The seller is required by statute to promise that he has lawful authority to transfer ownership of the goods(s12)(the seller would for example break this term if it turns out that the goods were stolen)that the goods being sold will match the description he provided the buyer(s13)(for instance a shirt described as 100 per cent cotton should not contain man-made fibres) that the quality of the goods being sold will satisfy the buyer(s14(2)) that the good will be fitting for any purpose specified by the buyer(s 14(3)) and that the goods being sold will match any sample shown to the buyer prior to the contract being made(s 15).Breach of any of these terms will put the buyer in a strong position and be given the option to be discharged from the contract or alternatively carry on with the contract and claim damages for the breach. This will lead us to the concept of remedies mentioned in the following part. In English contract law, a crucial aspect of the contractual relation ship is the enforcement of the contract, as the obligation that pact must be kept firmly by parties is considered as the good sense of any contractual relationship.However, a problem can occur if a contract is not adequately performed and one of the parties renounces to perform its obligations. This is where the concept of non-performance and the remedies available to the wound party become applicable. Breach of contract arises from the non-respect of the pact (or terms) agreed between parties. The aggrieved party is then given the common law right to claim for a remedy resulting from any quantifiable loss or harm suffered. Damage (financial compensation) is the most basic remedy available to the innocent party.In today business environment, it is not rare for the parties to agree in advance the damages that will be payable in the occurrence of a breach of contract. These damages are referred to as liquidated damages. An illustration of liquidated damages is the charges imposed fo r cancelling a flight or the booking of a hotel room. But sometimes, there is a temptation for a party with stronger job power to try imposing a penalty clause (punitive payment for the non-performance of a term or condition) as demonstrated in Wilson v. Love (1896) case.Other remedies much(prenominal) as quantum damages and injunction may be granted at the discretion of the court as part of its equitable jurisdiction. So, as mentioned above, remedies is all about compensating the aggrieved party for causing him loss or harm. This can be avoided by the consideration of the prevailing rules of freedom of contract. In other words, Freedom of contract allowing individual parties to freely contract or not to, and no one being forced to do it , whoever therefore who gives a contractual promise must then keep it.Or on the contrary case, as described in earlier parts can be constrained by legal authorities to detect its commitment or compensate the other party. However, performance of a contract becomes sometimes impossible due to the circumstances beyond the control of either of the parties and not due to their fault. The legal term referring to this situation is frustration. An example of this unforeseen event is illustrated in the case of Taylor v Caldwell (1863) in which it was held that contract was impossible to perform due to an external and unforeseen event.Consequences are that the contract is killed and parties discharged from further liability. This limits the exercise of freedom of contract in a sense that the agreement formed by the parties is nullified, regardless individual parties will. Another limitation of freedom of contract is that the choice of other contracting party is not always free. For example, an employer is not totally free to hire the person of his choice. The fact that insurance contracts are sometimes made obligatory by parties equally render the exercise of freedom of contract limited, as concerned parties did not freely choose t o contract with an insurance company.So far, this paper has been about the relationship between the exercise of freedom of contract and law of contract. However not only is freedom of contract concerned with contract law but also with another component of the English private law, which is tort law. A tort is a civil wrong. In other words, it refers to the liability of a person who causes harm to another with the obligation to repair the damages suffered by the victim. An example of tort is damage to commercial interests, e. g. inducement of breach of contract.Also known as tortious interference, inducement of breach of contract arise where the wrongdoer convinces a party to breach the contract against the claimant, or where the wrongdoer prevents one party from performing his obligations(agreed with the other party), thus stopping the claimant from receiving the performance promised. Furthermore, after mentioning the existence of a duty of care, which is an element required making n egligence claim (concerned with a wrongdoers careless conduct which cause damage or loss to the defendant), the claimant (the hurt party) can prove that this duty has been broken by the defendant (the other party).Hence the close relationship between duty of care and the requisites of freedom of contract in the sense that if parties freely agree to contract (including the terms of it), then, it is suggested, that they owe a duty of care to each other because the careless conduct (which can claim the contract) of one party can prevent the other one from receiving the performance promised, regardless to the external factor that caused the misconduct of the blamed party. This fact is supported by the case of Garret v.Taylor (1620) in which the court upheld a judgment for the claimant. To conclude, the purpose of this essay has been to describe and make a connection between law of contract as well as law of torts and freedom of contract. Thus, English legal systems have established mu ltiple rules of conduct from different parties to a contract in order to ensure fairness between them. Henceforth, contracting parties are given freedom to contract with whoever they want, including the terms of the contracts.Also, thanks to rules such as of duty of care, or of doctrine of remedies, an injured party is now given the possibility to claim for compensation of loss or harm caused by the blamed party, who will be then obliged by legal authorities to repair the damages caused to the aggrieved party due to non-respect of the rules established. In the end, it must be acknowledge that English fair play has stroke an appropriate balance between freedom of contract and fairness. ReferencesCurrie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153 (1875-76) LR 1 App Cas 554Definition of consideration Garret v. Taylor, 79 Eng. Rep. 485 (K. B. 1620) tortious interference Hutton v Warren (1836) 1 MW 460Implied terms Re McArdle(1951,CA )Past consideration being unacceptable Sale of Goods Act 1979, ss 12-1 5 statutory implied terms Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 B S 826 122 ER 309 1863 EWHC QB J1 impossibility of performance of contract Wilson v. Love (1896) Liquidated damages

Psychology Genogram Essay

The paper lead discuss reasons that penury willing be all important(predicate) while during service How do you feel motivation? Most dictionaries define motivation as taking action or moving. Motivation to most battalion is the ability to go beyond self and push you to accomplish certain goals and desires. There must be a driving force that initiates certain behaviors when you define motivation. Motivation takes an inner resolve to make a change or to get something done in order to achieve it. There are different types of motivation that would define motivation in a broader way. A few that can be mentioned are self-motivation, achievement motivation, and attitude motivation. Self-motivation is what most people economic consumption to define motivation at its highest peak of accomplishments.If you are able to motivate yourself and reach your goals, you would have conquered the ability to be disciplined and will accomplish anything you regulate your mind to. The key to becomi ng self-motivated is persistence. Persistence is the ability to stay focused despite any challenges. It requires an inner resolve to step outside of self and find something from deep within that you may not have known was even there. Motivation is very important to all decisions that you have to make. Without the ability to define motivation and how you can make it work for you, then your life will be an endless drama of going around in circles.The following paper will discuss ways to motivation or to serve others and exploring reasons for service. Motivation helps you start. One of the first steps to success is simply to start. Unfortunately, its often not lite to start. The task may seem too big to handle. The difficulties may seem too many. Or perhaps youre just plain lazy. Whatever it is, you read something to help you start and that is where your motivation comes into play. When you are motivated, you will naturally want to start. Starting doesnt feel difficult because you wa nt it. This way starting will feel effortless and you will be ahead of many people who find it difficult to even start.

Cyp Core 3.4: Support Children & Young People’s Health & Safety.

Understand how to plan & append environments & services that support tikeren & young states health & adeptty. 1. 1Describe the f processors to take into account when provision healthy & safe indoor & f whole in all outdoor environments & services. There ar a weigh of important principles to think some when you atomic number 18 planning for healthy and safe environments or activities with peasantren. or so of these argon common sense alone you need to remember that e rattlingone is an individual and may take away different needs.There are some(prenominal) points to take into consideration when planning safety E rattling child is an individual with different needs depending on their advance and abilities. You must think about this when planning activities. Some children have particular needs such as sensory impairments. The different needs of families and careers must be considered. Always be polish off about why you are teaching the environment in question, th e activities a child encounters and what sorts of services are offered. The duty of care of a put to children, parents and careers is a court-ordered obligation.You should always have the childs safety and welfare in the front of your mind when planning. The desired outcomes for the children are the starting point. Most activities with children should have clear aims and objectives that are based somewhat the required outcomes linked to their age. Lines of obligation and accountability are worst to everyone that is employed in a vista, responsibility for the health and safety of children and staff are down to all employers and there should be clear historying responsibilities.When I plan I ensure that the location/setting of what I plan to do with the Children is the accountability environment for the activity. I ensure that I account for all possibilities. If I were using bikes or scooters I would check that the bikes or scooters were in good progress tos condition and s afe. I would ensure the equipment (bikes or scooters) are used in the proper manner and with all the safety accessories (helmets/elbow & knee pads) with plenty of space, so it would be impractical to use them indoors due to the lack of space, they would be used outdoors.I would check that all the entrances and exits to the outdoor area are secure (closed/locked) I would ensure that I had the define staff ratio to support with the activity. I would ensure that the planned outdoor space for the activity was safe, that there were no rubbish, or plant threats, that there was no dog or cat mess around and that the ground was suitable for riding bikes or scooters. In my risk sagaciousnesss I make sure that I take into account that Children and trailgirlish people are individuals, each with different needs.A varied environment supports Children and Young peoples learning and development, it gives them confidence to explore and learn in safe and secure yet challenging indoors or outdoor space. fortune sound judgements are carried out to ensure the safety of the activity and for all taking part in the activity. danger judgements should be carried out for all activities and regular checks should be carried out around the setting daily. 1. Explain how health & safety is monitored & maintained & how people in the survey setting are made aware of risks & hazards & support to work safely. wellness and safety is monitored and maintained in a verity of ways within the setting. Under the Health and safety at work act 1974 all employees have a responsibility for the health and safety of everyone else. There is a poster dis giped in the setting outlining responsibilities, we have a Healthy and guard policy, which is shared with all staff and available to parents, outlining the main areas and objectives.These objectives are implemented into the everyday running of the setting all staff are aware of health and safety and are constantly assessing the area that they are working in or the activity they are postulateing out, there are also other policies in take aim covering food and drink, arrival and departure, non collection of children, changing if diagonals happen, outings, administrating medicines, missing children, safeguarding and dismiss procedure. These policies give a clear outline to what procedures are in place and how they are adhereed.They also work alongside the EYFS drawwork, which considers all aspects of childrens welfare including safeguarding, suitable persons, suitable expound and equipment. Staff training is kept up to date. Risk assessments are carried out regularly including a daily check of the environment, which is being used a full risk assessment of tools, equipment and the environment is carried out each term, and if there are each issues that need addressing they are looked at and rectified.It may be possible for some issues to be rectified there and then, such as a broken toy, which needs to be thrown away, or a whiteing material, which has been left out. Other issues may need an action plan which sets out what needs to be rectified, how long this may take and by whom it should be carried out. The action plans are then reviewed within a manageable metre frame to ensure the action has been completed. A risk assessment is only valid at the time it is carried out. It is important to monitor risks identified and to change anything that needs updating.The setting bus is ultimately responsible for health and safety and any risks identified are directed to her, she would then decide the best process to rectify them. unceasing staff meetings are held where any issues smoke be raised. Children, parents, staff and visitors are made aware of any issues tincting health and safety to help minimise any risks and to ensure children are able to thrive in a healthy environment. With all members of staff being aware of the policies and procedures in place we are working together to create a safe, ha ppy secure environment for the children. 1. Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy & safe environments & services. There are a number of agencies that you could refer to for guidance for planning healthy & safe environments & services Health & safety executive is the national independent watchdog for work-related health, safety and recoveringness. They are an independent regulator and act in the public interest to reduce work-related death and serious injury across Great Britains workplaces Child accident prevention trust they are connected to reducing the number of children and young people killed, disabled or seriously injured in accidents. Department for schools & families is committed to creating a world-class state education system. They will work to improve the opportunities and experiences available to children and the education workforce by focusing on the next priorities big(p) greater autonomy to schools Improving parental choice Offering more su pport for the poorest Whole system improvement Great quality provision for children EYFS sets standards and frameworks to follow to ensure the safety of children & young people The government web-site (directgov) is a great source of information and guidance Workplace policies & procedures health safety in work place, risk assessment, care-plans, healthy choices food, adhere to codes of practice promote a caring safe environment, meet the childs needs and requirements, keep confidentiality, communicate with multi agencies, record all dead-on(prenominal) information and everything documented, safeguarding policies, pass on information to relevant people, promote well-being, keep updated on training to develop your skills and improve your spotledge, raise any concerns to relevant people . 4Explain how current health & safety legislation, policies & procedures are implemented in own work setting or service. The most important legislation in the UK is the statutory Framework for th e Early Years Foundation Stage. Since 2008 this sits alongside health and safety legislation and covers every aspect of the welfare of children which includes Safeguarding Suitable people Suitable premises and equipment Organisation Documentation Health & Safety is very important. The Health & Safety Act is up on the wall for all of us to refer to if needed. My theater director ensures that we all are trained and up to date with any brisk policies.We have fire drills (Fire Safety Order 2005), so all staff and children know what to do and where to assemble. We carry out Fire risk assessments each term. We are all trained or in the process of training in number 1 aid, (the First Aid at Work Regulations 1981) and have adequate, appropriate equipment and facilities for providing first base aid in our setting. We know how to record any first aid incidents or accidents and a bump note is always sent home with the child, when its a member of staff who is hurt for example I cut my finger, so I had to fill in an accident form detailing how and what first aid I was tending(p) and bulls eye it. We ensure the setting provides a clean and safe environment for the staff and the children to work in.If any staff member is required to clean any spillages or clean any bodily fluids up we know where the products are kept and how to dispose of it safely and also what protective clothing to wear. All cleaning products and chemicals are kept in a locked cupboard. Children are taught to wash hands before eating and after using the toilet and also to throw away any tissues and wash their hands. If any child is ill which may spread to others their parents are informed and asked to collect the child as soon as possible and they are asked to keep the child off school for the appropriate length of time required so as to prevent it spreading to others. We are all responsible for good house keeping new employees are informed of all relevant health and safety information as part of the induction process.All equipment has the correct safety markings in place, and electric caral equipment is fondle tested yearly. The setting manager is responsible for the purchasing and maintenance of equipment and materials ensuring that it all complies with current health and safety standards. Risk assessments are carried out and reviewed on a regular basis (the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999). Educational visits and journeys are all risk assessed. We also refer to and follow the legal framework Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 hold of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) (2002) Food Hygiene 2006 The Care standards Act Childcare Act 2006 this sets out the statutory framework for assessment of settings, including health and safety in EYFS in force from Sept 2008 Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) Health and Safet y (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 EYFS framework Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995 Smoking Ban UK commodious in indoor public places from 1st July 2007 (EYFS includes a legal requirement to ensure children are always in a smoke-free environment) Motor Vehicles (Wearing of privy Belts)(Amendment) Regulations 2006 2Be able to recognise & manage risks to health, safety & security in a work setting or off site visits Assessed in the real work environment 2. 1/2. 2/2. 3 2. 4Explain how health & safety risk assessments are monitored & reviewedAny setting or activity carries a level of risk, by identifying and reducing risks in advance, the children in our care can make full use of the setting or activity to maximise the value and enjoyment. There are several different risks that you need to consider- Physical risks Security risks Fire risks Food safety risks Emotional risks Personal safety risks Effective management of risk should become voluntary as we become more experienced. For every activity we plan, we think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the control measures. If I see a hazard in my day-to-day work, I deal with it straight away it can be as simple as mopping up spilt water or locomote toys of the floor.Risk assessment forms are used to assess hazards and identify control measures for all activities and outings. We carry out daily risk assessments throughout the setting and outside the setting. Our manager is responsible for the risk assessments that are carried out yearly (electrical/fire equipment/building) and for reviewing the risk assessments once or twice a term. A good risk assessment is only valid at the time it is carried out. Although the setting, outing or activity may be one you have used many times, one very important factor will change The children taking part. Effective risk assessments must take account of each child taking part and the numbe r of children.Once we have started the activity that we have risk assessed it is important that we monitor the risks we identified and if anything changes we should review and change the risk assessment immediately. 3Understand how to support children & young people to assess & manage risk for themselves. 3. 1Explain why it is important to take a balanced approach to risk management We consider Managing Risks in Play Provision to be an important document that will contri alonee to the debate on the provision of childrens play. It articulates the balance mingled with the benefit and the need for children to play against the duty of play providers to provide safe play.We must not lose sight of the important developmental role of play for children in the pursuit of the unachievable goal of absolute safety. It makes clear that the safety must be considered at all stages of play provision but that, inevitably, there will be risk of injury when children play, as there is risk of injury i n life generally. The important message is though that there must be freedom from unacceptable risk of life-threatening or permanently disabling injury in play. Any activity a child does involves some risk. If the activity is well planned and organised with thought devoted to possible risks the likelihood of an accident or injury should be minimal. The secret is to balance the risks of an activity against the benefit to and safety of the child.Risk and challenge are important to a childs development. Avoiding all risks and challenges would result in a very timid adult lacking in many everyday skills and abilities. It would be very easy to respond to all the risks to which children are exposed by not allowing them to explore or experiment. Children need to explore their environment, it is one of the ways in which they learn, but it needs to be a safe environment where adults control the risk. Children need some freedom in order to develop their skills. Understanding the stage of de velopment a child is at and their individual needs can help to provide the right amount of risk in activities. 3. Explain the dilemma between the rights & choices of children & young people & health & safety requirements. 3. 3Give example from own practice of supporting children or young people to assess & manage risk. Children learn by distorting out new experiences and making choices. But they do not always have the skills and judgement to make safe choices. We as careers have the responsibility to identify potential hazards in any situation and to judge when it is safe to allow a child to undertake an activity or make a choice. Some children need this freedom to explore risk more than others. In a well-controlled setting the child can be encouraged to explore and try out new skills.At the start of the year our reception children were encouraged to explore the outdoor play activity. A few of the children were too scared to try and go round the activity, we supported them by holdi ng their hand and walking around the activity with them, after a few times we would walk round with them but not hold their hand, instead we would praise them (wow look how far you have come nearly there well done). Within a few weeks they were all able to go round the activity on their own. Some of the older children are allowed to climb the trees at the setting, if one of the younger children wanted to climb a tree and I felt that it was not suitable for their age and stage of development, I would suggest a different activity for them to do.Understanding the stage of development a child is at and their individual needs can help us to provide the right amount of risk in activities, for example children under the age of 8 cannot safely judge the speed or distance of a car on the road, so a child under the age of 8 should never be allowed to cross the road alone. Children are usually very good at deciding what is safe or not. Using large play equipment is a good example of how childr en assess and manage risk. Without adult or another childs interference most children will not stretch themselves beyond their capabilities. 4. Understand appropriate responses to accidents, incidents emergencies & unwellness in work setting & off site visits. 4. 1Explain the policies & procedures of the setting or service in response to accidents, incidents, emergencies & illness. 4. 2Identify the correct procedures for recording & reporting accidents, incidents, injuries, signs of illness & other emergenciesDuring our induction we go through the procedures to ensure that if an accident, incident, emergency or illness occurs we will know what to do and are able to carry out the required actions calmly and confidently. They are keep in a file that is easily accessible for careers to look at if requested, and so that we may refer to them if needed. Accident/First Aid We have a qualified first aider in the setting or on an outing at any one time. It is our settings policy that all st aff has a valid first aid qualification, so training in first aid is offered to all staff members. If a child has an accident at the setting and requires first aid then the relevant qualified person will use the settings first aid kit, which is easily accessible and regularly checked.When an accident occurs we fill out or accident word of honor which details where, when, how and what treatment was administered. The parents/carer is then informed and asked to sign it at the end of the session. If the injury is more severe and requires further medical attention then the parent/carer is hinted and informed or following signed react on the settings registration form the child can be taken to the nearest Accident and Emergency unit. We have a duty to inform Ofsted and the Health and Safety Executive of any injury that requires treatment by a medical professional or in the event of the death. Our manager reviews the accident book at the end of each term. This allows us to identify any potential or actual hazards. MedicationBefore any medical specialty can be given parents/carer have to complete and sign a consent form. The form states the childs name the name of the medication the dose & frequency how the medication should be given (before food/with food). All medication is stored appropriately in the kitchen out of the reach of the children in the setting. For the safety of the staff and children, all medication that is given to children is witnessed and checked by another member of staff. Incidents When an incident occurs at the setting we record it in our Incident book, which is kept in the filing cabinet. An incident could be a break in or theft, vandalism, dangerous occurrence, injury or fatality.In the incident book we record the date and time of the incident, nature of the event, who was affected, what was done about it or if it was reported to the police, and if so a crime number. Any follow up, or insurance claim made, should also be recorded. We compl y with current HSE Regulations and report to the Health and Safety executive. Emergencies These procedures state what to do in the event of a fire and/or evacuation. Our manager is responsible for the procedures ensuring they are up-to-date and in place. We carry out regular fire drills so that the children and staff know what to expect and also to identify any issues with our procedure. The dates and time taken to carry out fire drills are recorded. Sickness and illnessThe settings policy for the exclusion of sick or infectious children is given to parents/carer in the settings information pack these include the period of time we require a child to stay home following a bout of sickness or diarrhoea or other infectious illness such a chicken pox. When infectious illness is discovered, such as head lice, letters are given out to notify parents. If a child, following consultation with a qualified medical professional has an infectious disease, which is on the notifiable diseases list , then Ofsted are informed. If a child becomes ill whilst at the setting the parent/carer are called, if they are not available we have a list of authorised emergency clutchs in the childs file we can call to collect the child, until such time the child is cared for in an appropriate area of the setting.If a child becomes unwell and is a cause for serious concern then an ambulance would be called. We have procedures and specific cleaning kit for use on spilled bodily fluids. Recognising illness difficulty breathing high temperature/fever blue devil around the lips cold extremities pale or clammy skin floppy, unresponsive or unconscious Situations to be familiar with Bites and stings bleeding burns and scalds choking electric shock extreme effects of heat and cold eye injuries poisoning suspected fractures meningitis anaphylactic shock febrile convulsions (www. nhs. co. uk) foreign bodies caring for the unconscious person.All children have an emergency contact numb er in their files, it may not be the childs parents, because of work commitments may make it difficult for them to be contacted, it may be the grandparents or auntie that is the emergency contact instead. The manager or key worker will get in touch with the emergency contact as soon as possible and inform the relevant person of the incident, and where the child has been taken if the accident was serious. The key worker or someone the child knows well will go to the hospital with them until there parents or other careers arrive, this will help reassure the child and be a point of contact when the parents arrive.

The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony

The Santa genus genus genus Rosa Philharmonic younker harmony Elizabeth Tirado HSM/270 5/14/2011 Arin Norris The Santa Rosa Philharmonic youth symphony Overview of the Program The Santa Rosa symphonic music was founded in 1927 with 35 role players playing at the local Elks Club. In October of 1994, the Santa Rosa Philharmonic jejuneness unison (SRPYS) was formed. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony has been providing musical training and performance opportunities for tender musicians, ranging from ages as young as nine to 23.For over 50 years. The education courses of the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Symphony are made possible by the m some(prenominal) committed world to ensuring music is available to the young people of Sonoma County. The thrill of the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is to inspire the residents with finest musical performances and educational program while maintaining organizational strength, fiscal responsibility and fraternity service.The S anta Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony Outreach Program includes free concerts for the youth of the association, bringing music to round-eyed schools that do not have a music program, and performing for the elderly who might not have the ability to leave their homes to attend concerts. melody git have a huge impact on a childs future and can help to improve their self-esteem and leadership skills. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony educates and helps young musicians improve on their skills which enable them to achieve their highest potential and appreciation for authorized music.The auditory modalitys for the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony are held every year in June. Many young musicians participate, but few are accepted into the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony. Those students that are accepted face a challenging and difficult repertoire. Excellence in leadership is rewarded with scholarships. The young musician that is accepted will obtain lessons on pr ofessionalism, education, and integrity The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony that will continue as yet after the students completion of the music program.The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony along with local and regional music and arts organizations understand in a planned effort the importance of music and arts in all levels of education and government. Finding Your Target Population The target population of the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is the young musician who live in the Santa Rosa county especially those who have musical experience. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is a non-profit, performing arts, community based organization. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony relies on donor conduct to descent and maintain its musical, educational, and community programs.The National Endowment for the Arts, the California Arts Council, the Sonoma County Advertising Fund, and the City of Santa Rosa are among the donors of the Santa Rosa Philhar monic Youth Symphony. Local businesses can show their condense by contributing flyers and posting concert performances. Needs and Assessments The central focus of the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is to inspire young musicians to appreciate the musical arts, develop self-esteem and leadership qualities, enrich the quality of life for the Santa Rosa community, and form bonds with fellow students and stave members that may last a lifetime.The youth of the community has the opportunity to be supported by not only the faculty, but the facility, which allows the youth to achieve their dreams. Both qualitative and quantitative methods show where the program necessarily improving, what the program is doing to make the improvements, and input on what the stakeholders expectation are for the program. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony Whether the organization is for profit or non-profit, large or small funding is al guidances a problem.To overcome the dilemma of funding, t he Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony relies on donor support to continue the mission statement. The grant the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony receives from organizations provides the community and schools with free concerts. Local and regional business donors can enrich their business by investment funds in the cultural environment of the community. The support from staff, families of students and volunteers who help to make the program successful are ever present to assist in any modality that will benefit the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony.There will always be needs that have to be met, the problem is the cost. Due to compute cuts nationwide, the students in the Santa Rosa and Sonoma County area who attend elementary and middle school have lost their music department, which leaves the student without the opportunity to appreciate, learn, and gather association of music. Students must wait until they reach high school or college to participate in any music p rogram unless the student has been tutored privately, which is costly, the student will most apparent lose interest in music.If the school has not any music program or offer after school activities for the student, that student will watch other ways to occupy their time. Many students will succumb to negative influences such as gangs and drugs if there is a lack of positive activities for the student to participate in. The concern of community leaders and members was the lack of music programs would set students behind other students who attend schools that have an active music program. Since The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony any families cannot afford private music lessons for their children, a project was developed which educates students and supports music education, appreciation, and motivate students to fulfill their potential. Not all young musicians that audition are accepted. For those musicians that are not chosen for enrollment are still able to participate in o ther aspects of the program. Their involvement will keep the musician interested and open up natural opportunities to learn different types of music while still practicing their own music skills. Planning and DevelopingIf you were to ask any staff member of an organization how they feel about program planning, there would be legion(predicate) unhappy faces. Program planning is by far the hardest job of developing an effective program that will please the stakeholders. This process is known as being time-consuming, labor intensive and undesirable assignment with many hours of staff time refer. Some organization hire outside evaluators, while some organizations have in house evaluators. Program planning answers the questions of whos, whats, whens why, wheres, and hows of a program.The writing of a program plan must be clear and concise, define the mission, goals, and objectives of the program that will satisfy the stakeholders. Once the program plan is submitted, a funding source must be found, the needs and problems organized, and an evaluation plan is implemented to ensure that the program is doing what they set out to do and continue to accept the needs of the target population. Once the budget is established, most programs will address the issue of staff recruitment and the hiring and training of new staff members.It is in the ruff interest of the program to hire individuals that have experience and knowledge of what the program wants to accomplish. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony When staff member have the knowledge of the programs mission and are enthusiastic, the program will prosper. The target population is identified through surveys and input from the community and school officials. Student appointment can be useful in evaluating the program, since the program already has community support. As with some businesses, they are only as good as their reputation. grapevine can be a valuable tool.Recruiting students who have not been expose d to classical music can be easily through with(p) through the program outreach efforts. These outreach efforts include complimentary tickets given to school music teachers and their students, bringing free concerts to the elderly and homebound members of the community, and performing concerts for the disadvantage youth of the community. The program is also partners with elementary schools in bringing music to the music experience to schools that have lost their music program. Staff members and students are also evaluated by progress reports and attendance records modify out by their instructors.The evaluation report of the program is available on a bi-annual basis and is reviewed by staff members, community leaders, and members of the Board of Directors. This evaluation is done to reassure that the program is continuing to meet their mission, goals, and objectives. Alternative Funding For any organization, funding will always be a problem. As mention previously, the Santa Rosa Ph ilharmonic Youth Symphony concerts are made possible by grants, private and individual donors. Members of the community, families of students, local and regionalThe Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony businesses and the general public are some of the donors that make the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony successful. Funding has become difficult, due to the budget cuts, the closing of many contributing business, and the closing of music program in the elementary and high schools in the area. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony can apply for government and corporate grants, but it is important to consider alternate funding. Annual tuition only pays for a portion of what it takes to operate the youth symphonies.The annual event fund raiser, sales of candy at the concerts, and holding benefit concerts for the community might carry the symphony into the future, but applying for grants for non-traditional sources may be the most productive way to fund the Santa Rosa Philhar monic Youth Symphony. One obstacle that the youth symphony faces is students that cannot afford their own instruments. Approaching other musical organizations and manufactures of musical instruments for support in supplying needy students with instruments is an investment that can benefit both the program and the donors. Process and DevelopingThe Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony has been involved with classical music since 1994. Today, the students that attend the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony face the same challenges as their predecessors. Facing these challenges allows the student to grow and learn to master whatever obstacles they may face in their present and in their future. Some of the staff members have taking additional training to assist the students that are new to the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony program. On some occasions the program may require a bigger facility for their larger orchestras. conference is important when developing aThe Santa Ro sa Philharmonic Youth Symphony program that will meet the needs of the students and the community. The biggest obstacles that the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony faces today is finding a committed funding source that will allow the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony to continue to provide for their lively and future programs. As with any organization, without proper funding the program will collapse under the financial strain. Summary The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is dedicated to providing young musicians with orchestral training and performance opportunities of the highest caliber.The goal of the Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony is for young musicians to develop an awareness and appreciation of classical music, while providing the community with enriching educational and cultural experiences. Most music programs, especially in poorer sections, have been cut because of lack of funding. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony brings music to those wh o do not have access to music programs by giving free concerts and giving complimentary tickets to schools that have lost their music department.Music is an important aspect in a persons life. Most people can tell you where they were when they hear a specific song. Music can transform a persons mood. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony program would benefit greatly if they utilize and keep an open point to new ideas and teaching techniques. The Santa Rosa Philharmonic Youth Symphony References Neilson Scholar for 1974, Journal of School Health, 01/1975. www. santarosasymphony. com

Evaluate the Evidence for Human Impacts on Downstream Flood Risk in Rural Catchment Areas in Temperate Regions

Evaluate the evidence for adult male adjoins on downriver flood tide gamble in boorish catchments in temperate regions. Before we move evaluate human impacts on flood risk we must first establish what is meant by temperate regions and also agricultural catchments. Temperate regions are generally regarded as lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic stripe or the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle and thusly rivers investigated in this esenunciate will fall within these parameters.Rural catchments are slightly harder to define, as today very few large rivers do not prepare some form of urban development within their catchments area. In this essay a river that is steady in a predominantly rural catchment will be discussed tear down if there are areas of urban land within the catchment. Humans impact on flood risk falls into bingle of two categories. The first is deliberately and directly, through floodplain restoration, construction of dams and channel re habilitation and all of these contract fairly obvious positive burdens on reducing flood risk.However it is when mankind indirectly affect the flood risk, through deforestation, land use change and climate change (which all have a proscribe effect on flood risk) that there is less certainty into the extent of the impact that manhood have. Overall though it is clear that human activity has resulted in major changes (Goudie, 2006) in downstream flood risk in temperate regions and rural catchments. The most obvious way in which humans impact downstream flood risk is through direct adaptation of the river itself and this is also arguably also the most important way in which humans pile have an impact on flood risk (Mrwoka, 1974).Damming is probably the most widespread example of how humans take hold ofk to control peak flows on rivers and the construction of dams in the UK has led to significant decreases in flooding. The reservoir created on the River Avon occupies 1. 38% of th e catchment but reduces peak flow by 16% and even more than impressively the reservoir on the Catcleugh in the Cheviots occupies 2. 72% of the catchment and reduces peak flow by 71% (Petts and Lewin, 1979).The creation of dams clearly reduces the flood risk overall, however, dams have a much smaller effect on rare flood events of high magnitude, due to the fact that there is a finite amount of piss a dam can hold during time of high, prolonged rashness (Goudie, 2006). On the River Avon the ratio of pre-dam discharges to post-dam discharges is a mere 1. 02 in a once-in-10 social class event (Petts and Lewin, 1979). However, contempt this, mans construction of dams still has a large impact in reducing peak flood and whence flood risk in downstream catchment areas.Floodplain restoration is other example of humans deliberately impacting on flood risk. It has been calculated that the flood reduction function of 3800 hectares of floodplain memory board on the Charles River, Massa chusetts saved US$ 17 million worthy of downstream flood damage each year (US Corps of Engineers, 1972). Restoration has interpreted place on the River Cherwell between Oxford and Banbury. Here the embankments were removed and the channels restore to their pre-1900 dimensions.As a result of the rehabilitation of the channel peak flow was trim down by between 10-15% and the embankments which had been removed were shown to have been increasing peak flow by between 50-150% (Acreman et al, 2003). This clearly shows the extent to which humans can actively move around to reduce the flood risk in a rural catchment area, and shows how important the role of floodplain restoration and channel rehabilitation is when reducing peak flows. A prime example of human activity indirectly affecting flood risk patterns is through deforestation.The principle here is that by removing vegetation, you remove the capacity for a significant percentage of precipitation to be intercepted by the vegetation a nd then evaporated before it reaches the stream. Therefore, if humans remove the vegetation in a catchment area this can increase run-off and therefore flood risk. An experimental study was conducted in 1910 to investigate the extent to which vegetation coverage affected peak flow in Colorado. flow rate flows from two watersheds of approximately 80 hectares in size were compared over 8 years, before one valley was clear-felled.The catchment area which had experienced clear felling experienced 17% greater annual flow and also significantly higher peak flows (Goudie, 2006). In 1998 the Yangtze River experienced its worst floods for over 40 years, with high water rest in some areas for 70 days. Although the precipitation over that time period was extreme, the extent of the flooding (which caused over $20billion in damages) has also been linked to the widespread deforestation that had taken place upstream of the floods.In 1957 the forest coverage of the river basin was 22% but by 1986 this figure had been reduced to 10% (Yin et al, 1998). Despite this, it has been argued that during times of prolonged rainfall, vegetation loses its ability to reduce peak flow as there is a finite limit to how much water vegetation can hold. A study on the Yangtze showed that under 90mm of heavy rainfall, surface run-off was 65mm in forested areas and 35mm in non-forested areas and therefore the forest does not retain more run-off (Cheng et al, 1998) and therefore flood risk is no greater.However, there can be no doubt that deforestation reduces seepage losses and therefore increases the convergence of seepage water and that deforestation increased the seriousness of the flooding that the Yangtze experienced in 1998 (Yin and Lee, 1999). The type of vegetation in a river basin can also have an model on flood risk, and human activity can indirectly affect this. The principle here is that some types of vegetation retain more water than others and therefore their presence reduces fl ood risk.The catchment area of the Coweeta River in North Carolina was converted from deciduous hardwood forest to pine (which is evergreen) over a period of 15 years, from 1940 onwards, and as a result stream flow was reduced by 20% (Swank and Douglas, 1974). However, although certain types of plant whitethorn indeed significantly reduce stream flow, the impact they have on flood risk is often considerably smaller. It has been estimated that a forest of Ash juniper trees intercept around 40% of the precipitation that falls on them each year (Owens et al, 2006).This figure is so high as Ash juniper trees are evergreen and therefore absorb water all year round however, during storms, this figure is reduced to around 10%. This figure remains fairly similar for most vegetation during high storms. We can therefore say that although humans adapting the type of vegetation in a catchment area does have an impact on overall stream flow, the extent to which this reduces the flood risk downst ream is negligible (Wilcox et al, 2006).Land use change is another example of human activity which, although it is not done with the intention of altering river flow characteristics, still has an impact on downstream flood risk. Developing urban areas in formerly rural ones is now widely acknowledged to have a considerable hydrological impact, chiefly thorough the ways in which it alters runoff (Hollis, 1988). Essentially this urbanization produces a tapestry of impermeable surfaces that increase run-off and therefore discharge during times of high precipitation (Graf, 1977).However, Hollis (1975) argues that whilst urbanization may increase the recurrence interval of small floods, in rare large scale floods, land use change has little effect on the overall peak flow, due to the fact that during large storms, rural areas become saturated quickly and then behave in much the alike(p) way as urban areas. Despite this, we can still say that land use change from urban to rural does inc rease the flood risk, even if this increase in risk is only during smaller events.Although we are examining flood risk in rural catchment areas, development of urban pockets in these areas must still be considered, as even catchments with only some urbanization are still more likely to suffer flooding (Wilson, 1967). Climate change is another way in which man indirectly can have an effect on flooding risk although this is a hotly contested melodic theme, as no completely acceptable explanation of climate change has been presented before (Goudie, 2006). However, some climate models have still predicted that climate change over the next nose candy years will lead to higher flood risk.This is due to the fact that in a warmer climate, the air can hold more water, which increases the voltage for latent heat release during low pressure systems and therefore increased precipitation is likely (Frei et al, 1998). A model in 2002 produced by the EU free radical PRUDENCE compared summertim e precipitation in mainland Europe from 1961-1990 and the forecast for 2071-2100 based on the climatic predictions made in the IPCC report. This found that although overall precipitation may slightly decrease over the summer, precipitation events in the 95th percentile for intensity would significantly increase (Christensen J and Christensen O, 2003).This would obviously increase the flood risk downstream in rural catchments. However, although climate change may, in the coming century, prove to have a significant impact on flooding, currently the topic is too heavily debated to draw any concrete conclusions on the extent to which human induced climate change increases flooding risk. We can therefore see that humans impact on flood risk in a variety of ways, some positive and some negative and all to varying degrees.It is worth bearing in mind that in some areas man may be impacting on flood risk in both a negative and positive way and therefore having an even larger impact on the st ream than would at first be obvious. The evidence for man impacting on flood risk downstream in rural catchments is often disputed however, it is clear that man is impacting on streams and flood risk. It is worth remembering that flooding is a suddenly natural event however rivers and the floods they can potentially unleash are in a delicate eternal sleep, and man is more than capable of upsetting that balance in a variety of ways.

An Overview of eLogistcs

Essay on overview of e-logistcs . 1. Introduction With e-commerce, the rapidly unfolding and modern logistics is increasingly collectable to develop in depth the concept of e-logistics . I refers to the use of electronic means, in particular the use of internet engineering science to complete the entire military operation of logistics coordination, control and management. The purpose of e-logistics is in the logistics organization,electronic transactions, services,management, logistics business activities,so quickly and easily achieve the speed of logistics, safe , reliable and low cost.Traditional logistics generally refers to products manufactured after the packaging, transportation, discussion , storage . pic (Fig 1) E-logistics crumb also be referred to as logistics electronic logistics cultivation , I refers to the use of electronic means , in particular the use of earnings technology to complete the entire process of logistics coordination , control and management, and all the middle of the front end from the web to the final client process services. The most luminary feature is the application of a change of softwargon and the integration of logistics services .The purpose of e-logistics is the logistics organization , electronic transactions, services , management and logistics business activities quickly and easily in order to achieve the speed, safely, reliable and low cost. pic To compare. The main features of e-logistics is the integration of front-end services and back-end services . Many dealers are faced with the problem of the combination of front-end guest order management, customer relationship management and back-end inventory management , warehousing management and transportation management . differences between e-logistics and traditional logistics e-logistics and traditional logistics biggest difference is in the information use. In traditional logistics, the information in divergent member or different departments . The infor mation transparency, timeliness and low cost. E-logistics advantage is internet technology to form a comprehensive logistics information management system. pic By comparison. The E-logistics specialization , especially in information processing technology, to really uses the integrated value of the logistics information .Transparency of information enabling customers to their own logistics information processing according to the needs of their own personalized anytime, anywhere . The continuity of logistics information to further optimize the discipline of the logistics of the enterprise . 4. example 7 Eleven convenience neckcloth is now the worlds largest retail network operators and is recognized as a model of convenience stores in the world.In addition to its advanced management and brand marketing to support its rapid development , another important factor is the strong rear logistics support system. 7-11 is a shop in the high-density concentration of the specific area strat egies and centralized logistics program . This program each year save 10% of the original price of goods costs. 7-11 drawstring is generally only 100 200 square meters size, has provide 2000 3000 kinds of food . There are food from different suppliers. Each food shortage or surplus .Transport and storage requirements are also different . at any time according to the different needs of the customer can adjust the variety of goods , all the requirements of high demands to the logistics chain. Regional centralization strategy is relatively concentrated in a certain area to open more stores and shops to be in this region reach a certain number , and then gradually extended to build stores in areas . The dissemination center has a computer network distribution system, connected with suppliers and 7-11 stores .In order to ensure constant goods distribution centers will generally retain about four days of inventory based on past experience . At the same time , the centers computer syst em receive periodic inventory brood every day for miscellaneous shops and goods report . The distribution center focus of these reports analysis , and finally form a picture of the orders issued to different vendors , computer network to the provider , the supplier will be scheduled within center delivery of goods . -11 distribution centers in receipt of all goods , respectively, packaged goods to various shops , waiting to be sent,The next morning, the delivery fomite will be filed out from the distribution center , select road delivery to shops in their area . The entire distribution process daily cycle. 7-11 can keep track of goods in transit , inventory, goods , and other selective information , additional information on the financial information and suppliers can grip into the hands of these data are crucial for a retail business . -11 currently has achieved worldwide at different temperatures with the distribution system, and set a different distribution of temperature for d ifferent categories of goods. In addition to the distribution equipment , food distribution time and frequency will have different requirements . For food there are special requirements , much(prenominal) as ice cream , 7- 11 bypass distribution centers, delivery vehicles early in the evening threesome times directly from the manufacturer, the door pulled the various shops .Implemented for the general commodities 7-11 is the distribution system three times a day , 300 am to 700 distribution the day before the evening work of food products in general , from 800 am to 1100 distribution the night before the production of special foods such as milk , new-fashioned vegetables also belong , 1500 to 600 the morning of delivery the same day the production of food , such day , the distribution frequency of three times to ensure the store does not stock the same time , to ensure the freshness of food .In order to ensure that the supplier of each store s foolproof , distribution center , a special distribution system and the distribution of three times a day with . Each store will be met at any time some special cases resulting in out of stock , and then only to an emergency call to the distribution center , distribution center will be the safety stock to store emergency delivery, safety stock have been exhausted , the center saturnine to supply emergency cargo , and sent to the shortage of shops in the hands for the first time . -11 have been able to give full play to the characteristics and advantages of the e-logistics , they are able to in-depth understanding of marketing strategies. 5. convlusion Through research I found that the electronic logistics in Europe and the United States and Japan and South Korea and other essential economies has been more widely used, particularly , with the development of electronic commerce , e-logistics development trend . Third-party logistics development in this direction .

Effects of Urbanization in Jamaica

urbanization refers to the shift of race from rural areas to cities or towns according to the Encarta Encyclopaedia. In Jamaica today, urbanization is a constant operation for persons to move from one area to the next without hesitation compared to the previous generations. Urbanization has seen a probative summation over the years because of persons pursuing a better standard of invigoration. People move because of the economic smudge of the country which results in the need to find better jobs, the environmental forcefulnesss and last but not least crime and strength.I view that urbanization is necessary for the improvement of ones life. match to G. Nicolas, the financial crisis of the country plays a vital rule in urbanization, with higher demands for goods and run manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers black market to ontogeny the cost of goods and services trying to make a profit for their business. Persons who are functional sometimes tend to have a hard time o f finding the money to acquire these high pricing goods and services to satisfy their needs.In spite of the high pricing of goods and services with an increase in the population, getting a job becomes much harder especially if a person has no qualifications and applies for a job, then a to a greater extent qualified person applies for the same job, the qualified persons is much than likely to get hired over the bungling persons. In most cases rapid population growth in urban areas gives rise to poverty in such a way that when overpopulation communicates, jobs might be limited in that area and increasing friendly problems associated with unemployment and underemployment.According to the Encarta Encyclopaedia, urbanization also contributes to environmental issues in various ways as it relates to overpopulation. It may drag to pollution such as noise pollution in such a way that when dominance health effects of noise pollution are numerous, pervasive, persistent, and medically an d socially significant. Noise produces direct and cumulative adverse effects that impair health and that degrade residential, social, working, and learning environments with corresponding real and intangible losses. line of credit and water pollution are other environmental effects of urbanization and the most important reasons for population explosion in the cities of developing countries like Jamaica is rapid urbanization. Urbanization in Jamaica is accompanied by a number of challenges arising from population concentration in metropolitan cities environmental degradation is occurring very rapidly and causation shortage of basic needs. The worsening water quality, air pollution and problems of disposal solid wastes and hazardous materials that is prejudicial to them.Health issues can arise from urbanization and cause a wide-spread epidemic of illnesses. These illnesses can be transmit in crowded areas where airborne, respiratory and hand to hand transmission of illnesses can o ccur. The source, G. Nicolas, stated that deforestation is an effect of urbanization where it is a contributor to global climate change and is a good deal cited as one of the major(ip) causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Urbanization allows clearance of naturally occurring forests by the processes of logging and or burning of trees in a forested area to make space available to build new houses or flat tire building.Deforestation also leads to soil erosion it decreases permeable surfaces in the soil faster forming of surface runoff, much frequent appearance of flood waves. Urbanization influences on development of erosion processes, land degradation with significant reduction of soil water capacity. In Jamaica, crime and hysteria also contributes to urbanization in an acclivitous area of concern in the increase levels of crime and violence in urban areas. Important sexuality differentiation exists in terms of violent response to unemployment. While men turn to crime and v iolence, women more frequently turn to dependency on men.It is not too hard to believe that Kingstons reputation as a place of violence ranks third in the world. Gang violence and shootings occur regularly in inner-city areas of Kingston. Some inner-city neighbourhoods are occasionally subjected to curfews and police searches. Impromptu street protests sometimes occur, during which demonstrators often construct roadblocks or otherwise block the streets. Unemployed persons may turn to crime because they failed to acquire or keep a steady job and decide to turn to the act of stealing from the hard working and law abiding citizens in their community to earn a living for themselves.The frequent outbreak of violence between persons or rival gangs in a community may cause persons to feel unguaranteed and afraid of what might happen to them. This may cause families in the community to migrate to a violence free area where they might feel safer. Although urbanization has many negative and p ositive effects, I think that it is in the countries best interest to try and improve the negative influences that are associated with urbanization to improve the living condition of urbanized areas.

India Independence Day

Indias independency Day At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will wary to life and immunity. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the tender India discovers herself again. Jawaharlal Nehru After more than two hundred years of British rule, India finally won back its granting immunity on 15th August, 1947. All the patriotic hearts rejoiced at studying India becoming a crowned head province and the triumph of hundreds and thousands of martyred souls. It was a birth of a youthful acres and a new beginning.The exclusively fact that marred the happiness of the fruits by the blood of martyrs was the fact that the artless was divided into India and Pakistan and the violent communal riots took away a number of lives. It was on the eve of 15th of August, 1947 that India tricolor flag was unfurled by Jawaharlal Nehru, the beginning(a) Prime Minister of India, on the ramparts the Red Fort, Delhi. History In 1947, after the World War II, Britain could see that it no longer could hold its power over India. It was becoming increasingly difficult and Indian freedom fighters were in no mood to give up.With the international support also coming to an end, Britain decided to relive India from their power but not before June 1948. However, the impending freedom more so enhanced the fury between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal. The communal violence grew so large that it became impossible for new viceroy professional Mountbatten to control it and as such(prenominal), he advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. Thus, India gained its independence on August 15, 1947 but not without commiting a sinister price.Partition was done and a separate state for the Muslims was formed, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah being sworn in as Pakistans outgrowth Governor General in Karachi. On the midnight of Aug ust 15, 1947 India was sworn in as an independent uncouth with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the prime minister and viceroy then as Lord Mountbatten. The official ceremony took domicile in Delhi. Great leaders and freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi, Abul Kalam Azad Jinnah, B. R. Ambedkar and Master Tara Singh are few of the many to whom India owes its freedom. CelebrationsThe twenty-four hour period is famous to commemorate the birth of the worlds biggest democracy as a national pass. All the schools and colleges across nation hoist the national flag on the rooftops and the buildings to symbolize the stature of the national flag as nations pride. not only the educational institutions but also offices and business areas celebrate this day. Since it is stated a national holiday by the government of India, all the institutions, government or otherwise, have holiday. People only go to offices to come across the flag hoisting ceremony.The Prime Minister addresses the Nation after t he flag has been unfurled recounting the countrys achievements of the year, discussing current major issues and emerging plans for the progress of the country. Kite-flying has also become a tradition on this day and people can be seen flying numerous kites of all colors, sizes and shapes symbolizing the freedom. Independence Day is celebrated throughout India and all(prenominal) time out of the country on 15th August every year. Independence Day is celebrated by every citizen of India irrespective of caste, creed and religion.It is amazing to see how apart from the normal government offices and educational institutions the day is celebrated even in small colonies and associations. There are costume parties and people, old or young, men or women, dress up in a nationalistic way. There are many documentaries aired and austere of martyrs are paid respect. Every citizen does something or the other to mark this day of freedom. Media is not far place as most of the channels telecast latest or classic films based on the independence theme. Also, there are patriotic programs that are organized and broadcasted.In short, every person in the country revels in the nationalistic pride. August 15, 1947, a red-letter day for the Indians, is celebrated with great fanfare and show, across the duration and breadth of India. The day, which is a national holiday, is dedicated to all those brave freedom fighters who fetched India her due respect and the oftentimes desired independence from the British rule. People in the country honor them, for sacrificing their lives for the freedom of their motherland. The day is celebrated by hoisting national flag, flying kites and organizing cultural activities in educational institutions.If you want to know all well-nigh the history of Independence Day, then go through the following lines. History of Independence Day in the beginning the 18th century, Indias relationship with the West had been predominantly trade-related. All this chan ged, when the forces of the East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Calcutta. That signaled the stretch of the British as rulers. Until the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the East India Company, with the Governor General as its head, ruled the subcontinent.After that, the meridian took over the administration, with the Viceroy served as its representative. In the 20th century, the country witnessed the rise of many leaders such as Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Banded under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and his doctrine of non-violence, the freedom campaign travel ahead with new vigor. Milestones like the Quit India Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, Khilafat Movement and Gandhis Dandi March brought the inevitable freedom closer.At the stroke of midnight, as India moved into August 15, 1947, Indias first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, read out the decisive speech, proclaiming Indias independence from the British Empire. The m oment terminate three centuries of British rule over India. The land was no longer the summer retreat of British sahibs, who sneaked into the nation to fancy spices, shikar, elephants and snake-charmers, and ultimately ended up getting a stranglehold over the nation and torturing the natives in every possible way.Independence Day remained the sole national festival until India declared itself a republic in 1950. Independence was also the end of nearly a century of struggle for freedom, battles, betrayals and sacrifices. It also created a situation, where we were responsible for ourselves. However, it wasnt a period of unqualified joy. For many people, in spite of a new era promised by independence, partition between India and Pakistan was a painful reality and so was the battue that accompanied it. That was six decades ago.Much has changed over the years today the freedom struggle finds its place in history books and memoirs, and on the tombstones of valiant martyrs. Politics has undergone a personality change from fiery idealism to a pragmatic cynicism. Karma drives the nation on its way forward, and population has crossed the billion mark. Nonetheless, come August 15 and you will find the people forgetting the drudgery of everyday life for a while, and coming together to pay homage to the brave heroes of the freedom struggle and standing up for the National Anthem.Along with the soaring cadences of the anthem, the hopes and dreams for a better tomorrow are renewed in political speeches and replays of the deeds of those, who earned us our freedom. Independence Day is an occasion to rejoice in our freedom and to pay collective homage to all those people, who sacrificed their lives to the cause. The day also marks the coming together of the states into one nation India. This was probably our biggest diplomatic success.